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Ovarian Function and Disorders / Skin Diseases and Diabetes · Journal article
International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research · August 7, 2026
Reinforces what was already believed, rather than introducing something new.
This cross-sectional case-control study of 400 South Indian women identified five independent associations with PCOS status: elevated BMI, family history, recent weight gain, frequent fast-food intake, and acanthosis nigricans. The multivariable model demonstrated high discrimination (AUC 0.971) and acceptable calibration, but the cross-sectional design permits only association claims and external validation is required before clinical implementation.
Hospital-based cross-sectional case-control study. 200 women with PCOS (Rotterdam 2003 criteria) and 200 hospital-based healthy age-matched controls from South India. Intervention: PCOS diagnosis by Rotterdam 2003 criteria. Compared with: Hospital-based healthy age-matched controls. n = 400. Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, India.
Women with PCOS had significantly higher weight (76.82 ± 7.95 kg vs 62.44 ± 6.43 kg, p < 0.001) and BMI (31.76 ± 3.79 vs 25.63 ± 2.87 kg/m², p < 0.001) than controls In multivariable analysis, fast-food intake showed the largest odds ratio (OR = 11.78, 95% CI: 5.09-27.27), followed by acanthosis nigricans (OR = 11.93, 95% CI: 5.06-28.13) and recent weight gain (OR = 8.53, 95% CI: 3.73-19.51) BMI (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.47-1.94) and family history of PCOS (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.27-6.87) were independently associated with PCOS status
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Clinicians in resource-limited settings may use simple clinical markers (BMI, history of rapid weight gain, frequent fast-food consumption, acanthosis nigricans presence) to stratify PCOS risk in their populations; however, these findings require external validation in other populations before routine clinical implementation, and the cross-sectional design precludes inference that modifying these factors will reduce PCOS risk.
Cross-sectional case-control study confirms known associations between PCOS and anthropometric/lifestyle factors in a South Indian cohort with robust statistical validation, but cannot establish causation and lacks external validation.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians in resource-limited settings may use simple clinical markers (BMI, history of rapid weight gain, frequent fast-food consumption, acanthosis nigricans presence) to stratify PCOS risk in their populations; however, these findings require external validation in other populations before routine clinical implementation, and the cross-sectional design precludes inference that modifying these factors will reduce PCOS risk.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic disorder among reproductive-age women and is frequently associated with obesity, insulin resistance, menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenic manifestations, and adverse lifestyle patterns.Objective: This study compared clinical, anthropometric, lifestyle, and basic hematological characteristics between women with PCOS and hospital-based age-matched controls in a South Indian population and identified non-diagnostic factors independently associated with PCOS status.Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional case-control study was conducted from June 2025 to January 2026 at Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, India. The study included 200 women with PCOS and 200 hospital-based healthy controls selected through random sampling from eligible participants. PCOS was defined using the Rotterdam 2003 criteria. Anthropometric variables, lifestyle factors, clinical features, and hemoglobin values were analyzed. Fast-food intake was defined as consumption three or more times per week. Amenorrhea and hirsutism were analyzed descriptively but were excluded from the primary multivariable model to avoid diagnostic circularity. Binary logistic regression was performed with model validation using variance inflation factor (VIF), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit testing, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: Women with PCOS had significantly higher weight (76.82 ± 7.95 vs. 62.44 ± 6.43 kg) and BMI (31.76 ± 3.79 vs. 25.63 ± 2.87 kg/m²) than controls (both p < 0.001). Acanthosis nigricans, recent weight gain, fast-food intake, amenorrhea, and hirsutism were significantly more frequent among PCOS cases. In the primary multivariable model, BMI (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.47-1.94), family history of PCOS (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.27-6.87), recent weight gain (OR = 8.53, 95% CI: 3.73-19.51), fast-food intake (OR = 11.78, 95% CI: 5.09-27.27), and acanthosis nigricans (OR = 11.93, 95% CI: 5.06-28.13) were independently associated with PCOS. The model showed acceptable multicollinearity (maximum VIF = 1.61), adequate calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.752), and high apparent discrimination (AUC = 0.971).Conclusion: South Indian women with PCOS demonstrated distinct anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical profiles. Because of the cross-sectional case-control design, these findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal predictors. Simple clinical markers, especially BMI, weight gain history, frequent fast-food intake, and acanthosis nigricans, may support early risk stratification in resource-limited outpatient settings, but external validation and fuller endocrine-metabolic profiling are required.
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