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Breast Lesions and Carcinomas · Journal article
Frontiers in Veterinary Science · August 26, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This cross-sectional survey documents a 10% prevalence of CMT-positive bovine mastitis in Jaffna district, Sri Lanka, with Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant isolate and variable antibiotic susceptibility. The study identifies farm-level and management-related risk factors but is limited by single-district sampling, low case count, and lack of external replication.
Cross-sectional survey. Lactating dairy cattle in the Jaffna district of Northern Sri Lanka; 200 farmers providing milk samples across all 15 veterinary ranges. Specific eligibility criteria (inclusion/exclusion) not stated.. Intervention: California Mastitis Test screening and subsequent bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing of positive samples.. n = 200. Jaffna district, Northern Sri Lanka; all 15 veterinary ranges covered..
Overall prevalence of bovine mastitis was 10.0% (20/200) by California Mastitis Test. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate (50%), followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (30%), Escherichia coli (10%), and Klebsiella spp. (10%). Enrofloxacin showed highest susceptibility at 90% (MAR = 0.14), while Oxytetracycline exhibited lowest efficacy at 15% (MAR = 0.45).
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Clinicians and veterinarians in Jaffna district may use these findings to guide antibiotic selection (favoring enrofloxacin) and prioritize hygiene interventions (teat dipping, glove use) to reduce mastitis occurrence. The results are geographically limited and require validation in other regions before broader application.
Cross-sectional survey in a single district with low absolute prevalence (10%), descriptive bacterial identification, and risk factor analysis without adjustment for multiple comparisons or external validation.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians and veterinarians in Jaffna district may use these findings to guide antibiotic selection (favoring enrofloxacin) and prioritize hygiene interventions (teat dipping, glove use) to reduce mastitis occurrence. The results are geographically limited and require validation in other regions before broader application.
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Background Bovine mastitis is one of the most economically important infectious diseases affecting the global dairy industry. In the Jaffna district of Northern Sri Lanka, information on mastitis prevalence, bacterial aetiology, and antimicrobial resistance remains limited, constraining evidence-based disease management. Objectives To determine the California Mastitis Test (CMT)-based prevalence of bovine mastitis in the Jaffna district, identify causative bacterial pathogens, evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and assess farm-level risk factors associated with mastitis occurrence. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2024 across all 15 veterinary ranges of Jaffna district. A total of 200 milk samples from lactating dairy cattle were screened using the CMT. Positive samples were cultured, and bacterial isolates were identified through Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against eight antibiotics following CLSI (2021) guidelines, and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices were calculated. A structured questionnaire administered to 200 farmers collected data on management, breed, hygiene, and milking practices. Associations between risk factors and mastitis occurrence were analysed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Results The overall prevalence of bovine mastitis was 10.0% (20/200), with all CMT-positive samples yielding bacterial growth. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate (50%), followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (30%), Escherichia coli (10%), and Klebsiella spp. (10%). Enrofloxacin showed the highest susceptibility (90%; MAR = 0.14), followed by Doxycycline (60%) and Ciprofloxacin (55%), whereas Oxytetracycline exhibited the lowest efficacy (15%; MAR = 0.45). Semi-intensive farming (aOR = 1.72; p = 0.05), European crossbred cattle (aOR = 3.12; p < 0.05), milk yield >10 L/day (aOR = 2.45; p = 0.036), absence of post-milking teat dipping (aOR = 2.67; p < 0.05), and non-use of gloves during milking (aOR = 2.90; p < 0.05) were significant risk factors. Conclusion Bovine mastitis remains a significant challenge in Jaffna district, with S. aureus as the dominant pathogen. Enrofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic, while high resistance to Oxytetracycline highlights concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance. Improved milking hygiene and antibiogram-guided treatment strategies are recommended.
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