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Life sciences · Journal article
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · October 2, 2026
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The present case report describes the development of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in a 73-year-old male patient following lung cancer resection in the absence of prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Following a left upper lobectomy, the patient presented with a persistent fever and diffuse myalgia and arthralgia, which was unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.Subsequently, the patient was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy, which led to rapid clinical improvement and complete resolution of PMR-associated symptoms during the 6-month follow-up.Unlike the well-recognized ICI-associated PMR, the present case highlights a distinct postoperative presentation, suggesting that tumor-associated inflammation and surgical stress may act as independent triggers.Through a literature review, the present study further explores the potential mechanistic links between lung cancer and PMR, including the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6.These findings provide additional insight into PMR pathogenesis beyond immunotherapy-related mechanisms and may aid in the differential diagnosis of an unexplained fever and musculoskeletal symptoms in postoperative patients with cancer.Postoperative polymyalgia rheumatica after lung cancer resection in the absence of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case report and literature review