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RNA Interference and Gene Delivery / CRISPR and Genetic Engineering · Journal article
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · September 1, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This is a narrative review that surveys the landscape of RNA therapeutics—including siRNA, mRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, CRISPR, and RNA aptamers—across their mechanisms of action, delivery strategies, and clinical applications. The source provides qualitative overview rather than quantitative evidence or new clinical data to guide practice.
Journal article.
Several RNA drugs have been approved; some remain under trial for select diseases mRNA vaccines demonstrated clinical potential during COVID-19 epidemic RNA therapeutics operate at the level of RNAs, DNAs, and proteins
No comparison of modalities in terms of safety, efficacy, or clinical utility
Clinicians and researchers should use this review as an educational synthesis of the RNA therapeutic landscape and mechanisms, but should not rely on it for efficacy or safety data to support treatment decisions; specific drug or condition approvals and trials require primary evidence.
A comprehensive narrative review synthesizing mechanisms, delivery strategies, and clinical applications of multiple RNA therapeutic modalities, not a primary empirical study.
Clinicians and researchers should use this review as an educational synthesis of the RNA therapeutic landscape and mechanisms, but should not rely on it for efficacy or safety data to support treatment decisions; specific drug or condition approvals and trials require primary evidence.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
RNA therapies have evolved into a revolutionary approach in contemporary medicine for treating various diseases by directly targeting RNA molecules engaged in disease pathogenesis. These therapeutic agents regulate biological processes through diverse mechanisms, including modulation of RNA function and gene expression. Medical applications of RNA are greatly enhanced by its structure, adaptability, and capacity for targeted binding. Among these traits is its ability to bind to certain molecules unique to those chemicals. RNA-based treatments have emerged from advancements in the production, modification, and cellular transport of RNA molecules. Several RNA drugs have been approved whereas some are under trial for few diseases. RNA therapeutics can function at the level of RNAs, DNAs and proteins. The evolution of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 epidemic emphasizes the exciting potential of RNA therapies in the treatment of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the several forms of RNA therapies, including small-interfering RNA (siRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and antisense-oligonucleotides (ASOs), together with information on their action mechanisms and delivery strategies that improve cellular absorption and shield RNA molecules from degradation. Further, CRISPR-based editing of the genome can be employed for modification of target RNA sequences for various disorders. Development of RNA aptamers have also been identified as pivotal RNA-therapeutic candidate. Additionally, we have explained mechanistic details and examples of drugs approved for RNA therapy. Emphasizing their potential to enhance patient outcomes and fulfil unmet medical requirements, we also highlight the clinical development of RNA therapies in treating cancer and other infectious diseases.
Taken from the source record, never inferred. Follow any of these and new work involving them reaches your briefing.