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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio-medical Science · September 23, 2026
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the pancreas’s inability to produce sufficient insulin or the body’s inability to use the insulin produced effectively (insulin resistance). The onset of diabetes mellitus is caused by several factors, including age, physical activity, genetic factors, metabolic factors, obesity, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychological factors. The purpose of this literature review is to identify factors associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This literature review was conducted by searching published results in the Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed databases from 2022 to 2026 using the PRISMA method. The search terms used were “factors AND incidence AND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.” The search identified 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria. In conclusion, factors influencing the incidence of type 2 diabetes include age, gender, occupation and socioeconomic status, family history of diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI) and obesity, dietary patterns, physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cholesterol levels, blood glucose and metabolic factors, sleep duration, smoking, alcohol consumption, knowledge, and psychological factors/depression.