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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · October 21, 2026
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Nano-co-crystals have become a revolutionary pharmaceutical platform that combines the advantages of crystal engineering and nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods.Nano-co-crystals are formed by the combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with pharmaceutically acceptable coformers in nano-scale crystalline architectures.These nano-co-crystals significantly improve the solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, physicochemical stability, and therapeutic performance of poorly water-soluble drugs.In recent years, surface functionalization, ligand-mediated targeting, stimuli-responsive behavior and incorporation with multifunctional nano-carriers have been developed to improve biopharmaceutical properties and hold promise as precision systems for drug delivery.These advances enable site-specific drug accumulation, controlled release and reduced systemic toxicity, expanding their application in cancer therapy, infectious diseases, Disorders of the central nervous system and other chronic diseases.This review covers the fundamental concepts associated with pharmaceutical nano-co-crystals, such as crystal engineering strategies, co-former selection, preparation methods, physicochemical characterization, and mechanisms of enhanced therapeutic efficacy.The latest developments in quality-by-design (QbD) techniques, continuous manufacturing, and computational crystal engineering and AI-assisted formulation design are critically reviewed as new tools to accelerate the development of nano-co-crystals.This review additionally emphasizes the combination of nano-co-crystals with advanced drug delivery technologies such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels and stimuli-responsive systems for precision therapies.There is also discussion of current regulatory issues, challenges in scaling up, intellectual property issues and barriers to clinical translation.Finally we discuss prospective directions for next generation hybrid crystal nanotechnology, multifunctional nano-co-crystal platforms and personalized healthcare.Nano-cocrystals close the gap between crystal engineering and state-of-the-art nanomedicine, enabling safer, more effective and targeted pharmaceutical treatments.