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Life sciences · Journal article
Science · September 24, 2026
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Fibrotic remodeling of tissues and tumors establishes immunosuppressive microenvironments that drive organ dysfunction and, in cancer, limit response to immunotherapy. Senescent-like cells are conserved drivers of fibrosis and therapeutic targets, yet their functional heterogeneity complicates therapeutic intervention. Here, we show that P-selectin is expressed by a subset of senescent-like cells in fibrotic tissues and tumors. Leveraging fucoidan-based nanoparticles that bind P-selectin, we developed senescence-modulating nanoparticles (SMNPs) to selectively target these disease-associated states. SMNPs exerted potent antifibrotic and immunomodulatory effects while improving the therapeutic index. Mechanistically, we identified a pathogenic, immunosuppressive macrophage population as a functional target in vivo. In fibrotic tumors, niche remodeling restored immune infiltration and sensitized tumors to immune checkpoint–based therapies. These findings establish SMNPs as a generalizable strategy to target pathogenic senescent cell subsets across fibrosis and cancer.