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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications · September 18, 2026
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Background: Fatty liver disease (FLD), particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has emerged as one of the most prevalent liver conditions globally.It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat in hepatocytes in individuals with little or no alcohol consumption. Recent decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the global burden of liver disease, with NAFLD surpassing other liver conditions such as hepatitis B and C due to lifestyle changes, increasing rates of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome[1]. This epidemiological transformation is also evident in India, where sedentary lifestyles, dietary shifts, and urbanization have led to rising cases of NAFLD, including in less-urbanized regions like Western Uttar Pradesh (UP).Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and grade the extent of fatty liver disease in patients using computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques and to establish the correlation between CT-based liver attenuation values and clinical, demographic, and biochemical parameters in patients presenting at SCPM Hospital, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at SCPM Hospital, Gonda. A total of 100 adult patients aged 20–70 years undergoing noncontrast CT abdomen were included using purposive sampling. Liver and spleen Hounsfield Unit (HU) values were measured from standardized regions of interest (ROI) on CT images. Liver steatosis was graded as Normal, Mild, Moderate, or Severe based on attenuation values and L/S ratios. Biochemical markers (ALT, AST) and anthropometric data (BMI, diabetes status) were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests to evaluate associations and significance (p < 0.05 considered statistically significant).Results: Out of the 100 participants, 91% had fatty liver changes on CT, with moderate steatosis being most common (43%). The mean liver attenuation was 39.9 ± 7.7 HU, and the average L/S ratio was 0.84 ± 0.19. Liver HU showed a statistically significant negative correlation with ALT (r = -0.48, p < 0.001) and AST (r = -0.41, p < 0.001). BMI was significantly higher in patients with moderate and severe steatosis (ANOVA F = 12.6, p = 0.001). Diabetic individuals had a significantly greater prevalence of moderate-to-severe fatty liver compared to non-diabetics. CT effectively differentiated steatosis grades and showed strong correlation with metabolic indicators, validating its role as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in hepatic fat evaluation.Conclusion: CT imaging proved to be a highly effective modality for the detection and grading of fatty liver disease in a semi-urban Indian population. It offers objective, reproducible quantification of hepatic fat content, correlates well with metabolic parameters, and is feasible for integration into clinical practice in regions with limited access to MRI or biopsy. The study supports the use of CT in NAFLD screening, particularly among high-risk groups such as diabetics and obese individuals. Incorporating CT-based grading into public health protocols could enhance early detection and management of NAFLD, ultimately reducing its long-term complications.