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Life sciences · Journal article
Antibiotics · August 17, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a descriptive metagenomic surveillance report characterizing antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater from two Turkish cities using reanalysis of publicly available datasets. The study identified 401 distinct ARGs across 25 antibiotic classes and assembled 115 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes, but provides no quantitative comparison to other regions, no clinical correlation, and no measure of resistance prevalence or trends over time.
Metagenomic reanalysis of publicly available wastewater sequencing data. Wastewater samples from treatment facilities in Ankara and Hatay, Türkiye; domestic wastewater microbial communities.. Intervention: Metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of wastewater samples. n = 10. Two cities in Türkiye: Ankara and Hatay.
401 different antibiotic resistance genes identified across 25 antibiotic classes Mcr variants (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5) and optrA detected vanR two-component regulatory system genes were among the most dominant resistance genes
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This surveillance study documents the presence and diversity of ARGs in Turkish wastewater but does not quantify resistance prevalence, trends, or predict clinical outcomes. It serves as a baseline for environmental monitoring rather than informing clinical practice directly. The findings support the need for national AMR surveillance systems but do not change clinical management.
A descriptive metagenomic reanalysis of publicly available wastewater datasets from two Turkish cities, identifying antibiotic resistance genes without comparative quantification, clinical outcomes, or causal inference.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
This surveillance study documents the presence and diversity of ARGs in Turkish wastewater but does not quantify resistance prevalence, trends, or predict clinical outcomes. It serves as a baseline for environmental monitoring rather than informing clinical practice directly. The findings support the need for national AMR surveillance systems but do not change clinical management.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance in microbial communities is a global health concern that leads to millions of deaths each year. Many bacterial pathogens have resistance to multiple antibiotics. Domestic wastewater treatment facilities are reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance is crucial for monitoring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Türkiye has one of the highest levels of antibiotic resistance with a lack of research on resistomes. This study is a focused reanalysis of publicly available wastewater metagenomes from Türkiye, comparing them to global and other country’s results. Methods: Ten metagenomic data of wastewater treatment from Türkiye were downloaded from NCBI-SRA database. Metagenome assemblies were performed and high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (HQ-MAGs) were included in the study. Taxonomic annotations and antibiotic resistance profiles were identified in both the metagenome assemblies and HQ-MAGs. Results: A total of 401 different ARGs in 25 antibiotic classes have been identified, including Mcr (including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3 and mcr-5 variants) and optrA. The vanR two-component regulatory system genes for controlling vancomycin antibiotic resistance were one of the most dominant along with other vancomycin resistance genes such as vanA and vanB. A total of 115 HQ-MAGs were obtained with at least eight ARGs. The HQ-MAG with the highest number of resistance genes (58) was found to belong to E. coli. The most frequently encountered resistance genes in HQ-MAGs were the multidrug ABC transporter, vanR, bacA and patA which confer resistance to multidrug, glycopeptide, bacitracin and fluoroquinolone antibiotic groups, respectively. Conclusions: To effectively address the problems of antibiotic resistance outbreaks, comparable AMR surveillance at national and global levels is required for the identification and prioritization of ARGs and resistance genes. This is the first report conducted in Türkiye.
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