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Life sciences · Journal article
Nure Investigación · September 30, 2026
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El manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica es un tema de preocupación para la Salud Pública por su alta prevalencia, elevada morbimortalidad e impacto en la calidad de vida de personas que la padecen, especialmente cuando precisan tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Estas personas tienen una mayor incidencia de tumores ya que, existe una relación bidireccional y causalidad entre enfermedades oncohematológicas y nefrológicas, considerándose una factor de riesgo de la otra. Debido al alto impacto que genera la toma de decisiones en estos pacientes, se plantea un estudio observacional multicéntrico basado en una cohorte de pacientes prevalentes en hemodiálisis, con seguimiento de dos años. Dentro de esta cohorte se llevará a cabo un análisis de casos y controles anidado para estudiar posibles factores asociados al desarrollo de neoplasias. El objetivo es analizar prevalencia y factores asociados a la enfermedad neoplásica, y comparar supervivencia, y calidad de vida entre pacientes con y sin diagnóstico de neoplasia. Se recogerán datos clínicos, analíticos, demográficos y personales, además de información de cuestionarios de calidad de vida. Un mejor conocimiento permitirá establecer criterios de unificación en la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica diaria, avanzando en aspectos relacionados con prevención, detección precoz y atención de estas personas, así como el desarrollo de estrategias que generen cambios en los estilos de vida para mejorar su calidad de vida. Además, se evidencia la necesidad de establecer consultas monográficas de onconefrología que garanticen la derivación temprana de estos pacientes y ofrezcan una atención integral desde un enfoque multidisciplinario. ABSTRACT The management of chronic kidney disease is a major public health concern due to its high prevalence, elevated morbidity and mortality, and significant impact on the quality of life of patients, particularly those requiring renal replacement therapy. There is a bidirectional and causal relationship between onco-hematological and nephrological diseases, with each condition acting as a risk factor for the other, leading to a higher incidence of tumors in this population. Given the clinical complexity of decision-making in these patients, a multicenter observational study was designed based on a cohort of prevalent hemodialysis patients with a two-year follow-up. Within this cohort, a nested case-control analysis will be conducted to identify factors associated with the development of neoplasms. The main objective is to analyze the prevalence and associated risk factors of neoplastic disease, while comparing survival rates and quality of life between patients with and without a cancer diagnosis. Clinical, biochemical, demographic, and personal data will be collected, alongside validated quality-of-life questionnaires. Improved clinical insight will facilitate the establishment of unified decision-making criteria in daily practice, advancing prevention, early detection, and patient care. Furthermore, it will support the development of strategies to promote lifestyle modifications aimed at enhancing the quality of life. This study highlights the imperative need to establish specialized Onco-Nephrology consultations to ensure early referral and provide comprehensive care through a multidisciplinary approach.