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Salmonella Infections / Bloodstream Infection · Journal article
Microbiological Research · August 18, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a descriptive, retrospective genomic epidemiology study of antibiotic resistance in S. enterica bloodstream isolates collected passively across six Chinese provinces from 1994–2023. The study reports resistance prevalence by serovar, genotype, and age group, with observed trends over time, but does not test interventions, compare populations, or provide a quantified assessment of causal drivers or treatment outcomes.
Retrospective surveillance study with genomic epidemiological analysis. Patients with S. enterica bloodstream infections from six Chinese provinces (administrative areas not explicitly named in excerpt). Age-stratified data noted for children and elderly, but specific inclusion/exclusion criteria not provided.. n = 833. Six Chinese provincial-level administrative areas (specific provinces not listed in abstract).
8.52% of 833 isolates showed resistance or decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin 4.32% showed resistance or decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) 6.84% showed resistance or decreased susceptibility to fourth-generation cephalosporins (4GCs)
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
Clinicians should be aware that fluoroquinolone and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in S. enterica bloodstream infections is emerging and geographically variable in China. However, this descriptive report does not provide treatment recommendations or direct guidance on which regimens to preferentially use; local susceptibility patterns and resistance trends should inform empirical therapy decisions.
A retrospective, passive surveillance study describing resistance prevalence and trends across 29 years without a comparator group, control arm, or intervention—descriptive epidemiology that raises questions about resistance emergence rather than testing a hypothesis or guiding treatment.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians should be aware that fluoroquinolone and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in S. enterica bloodstream infections is emerging and geographically variable in China. However, this descriptive report does not provide treatment recommendations or direct guidance on which regimens to preferentially use; local susceptibility patterns and resistance trends should inform empirical therapy decisions.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Clinically critical antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) causing bloodstream infections remains a public health challenge. Here, we aim to reveal the emergence and trends of clinically important antibiotic resistance in S. enterica causing bloodstream infections using 833 isolates from six Chinese provincial-level administrative areas during 1994-2023. We identified 48 serovars and 64 sequence types (STs). Overall, 8.52% of 833 isolates were resistant or had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, 4.32% and 6.84% reported resistance or decreased susceptibility to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (3GCs and 4GCs), 1.80% reported resistance to fosfomycin, and 2.16% reported resistance to azithromycin. Across these six regions, azithromycin and fosfomycin resistance is increasing, as is decreased susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin, 3GCs, and 4GCs, especially among younger children and elderly people. Clinically prioritized antibiotic resistance also varies by region, serovar, and age group. S. Paratyphi A genotype 2.3.3 strains are mainly divided into 2 lineages distributed in Guangxi and Shanghai. Within the scope of this passive surveillance dataset, S. Typhi genotype 4.3.1.2.1 was identified as the earliest documented case among the collected isolates. Our retrospective and longitudinal genomic epidemiology study provides critical data for the formulation of treatment guidelines and policies for bloodstream infections and for the monitoring and control of antimicrobial resistance.
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