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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · October 16, 2026
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The transformation of breast cancer pathology from a purely morphological, diagnosis-based approach to an approach that incorporates a molecular framework, based on gene expression arrays, immunohistochemistry markers and NGS for the molecular classification of cancers, for more specific and individual treatment decision making is now moving beyond doubt.Using intrinsic subtyping based on PAM50 and other classifiers, the traditional luminal, HER2enriched and basal-like classifications have been improved, and this classification has found its way into clinically actionable therapy pathways.HER2-low and HER2-ultralow disease has become a new biological entity made possible by the advent of ADC in addition to the development of the CDK4/6 inhibitor combinations in the hormone receptor-positive disease, and the newly discovered subgroups of BRCA-mutated and triple-negative disease with PARP inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade.Digital pathology and AI based image analysis is a growing tool that complements genomic profiling tests such as Oncotype DX and MammaPrint, to further enhance prognosis and minimise overtreatment with chemotherapy.Resistance, tumor heterogeneity and lack of equal access to molecular testing are still significant challenges to getting universal care.Spatial transcriptomics combined with liquid biopsy monitoring and pathology aided by artificial intelligence is the next promising decade of breast cancer care.