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Life sciences · Journal article
Bioscience Reports · September 23, 2026
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Metabolic disorders are multifactorial diseases and major global health concerns, with many individuals worldwide responding inadequately to treatments. The gut bacteriome regulates metabolism and offers therapeutic potential; however, research from North Africa remains scarce despite the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the region. This study examines gut bacterial profiles of Tunisian type 2 diabetic (T2D), obese (OB), and non-diabetic (ND) individuals within the framework of personalized medicine. Ninety-five participants were enrolled (33 ND, 26 T2D, 26 T2D with obesity and cardiovascular complications (T2D_OBCV), and 10 OB). Bacterial 16S rDNA V3-V4 regions were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using the QIIME 2 pipeline. Obese subjects exhibited gut dysbiosis with lower Akkermansia (p = 0.02) and Ligilactobacillus (p = 0.04) levels, an enrichment of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.004), as well as Sutterella (p = 0.03) and Erysipelatoclostridium (p = 0.02). However, the gut bacteriome landscape of T2D patients reveals differences in the distribution of Shigella (p = 0.01) highly abundant in the intestine, and a depletion of Clostridia vadin BB 60 group (p = 0.02) and Oscillospiraceae UCG 005 (p = 0.01). Noting that the gut bacteriome of T2D_OBCV patients is characterized by a depletion of Asteroleplasma (p = 0.01), Oscillospiraceae UCG 005 ( p = 0.02), Eubacterium ruminantium group (p= 0,0007), and Romboutsia (p = 0.002) beside an enrichment of Fusicatenibacter (p = 0.02). Gut bacteriome alterations in Tunisian T2D and obese subjects may serve as metabolic biomarkers.