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Extracellular Vesicles in Disease · Journal article
Expert Review of Proteomics · September 8, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This is a narrative review of EV proteomics as a biomarker discovery platform for microbial infectious diseases. It synthesizes existing literature on protein alterations in EVs during viral and bacterial infections and identifies standardization, validation, and point-of-care assay development as critical barriers to clinical translation.
Narrative review. Patients with microbial infectious diseases (viral and bacterial); exact cohorts studied in cited literature not specified in this review..
EV-associated protein alterations are closely associated with microbial infectious disease progression and may reflect pathogen-derived signals, host immune changes, and organ injury Clinical translation of EV proteins as diagnostic biomarkers requires standardized EV isolation, reproducible mass-spectrometry workflows, targeted validation, and rapid assay formats suitable for point-of-care testing
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
This review identifies EV proteomics as a promising platform for biomarker discovery in infection diagnosis and pathogenesis but emphasizes that clinical implementation depends on resolving standardization and assay development challenges. Clinicians should regard EV-based biomarkers as investigational pending completion of validation pipelines.
A narrative review synthesizing evidence on EV proteomics for infectious disease biomarkers, offering expert opinion on current state and future clinical translation requirements rather than reporting original empirical results.
As stated by the source record.
This review identifies EV proteomics as a promising platform for biomarker discovery in infection diagnosis and pathogenesis but emphasizes that clinical implementation depends on resolving standardization and assay development challenges. Clinicians should regard EV-based biomarkers as investigational pending completion of validation pipelines.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
INTRODUCTION: Microbial infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global health. Early and accurate pathogen identification directly influences antimicrobial strategies and patient outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as key mediators of intercellular signaling and can transport nucleic acids and proteins from both host and pathogen sources. Proteomic analysis of EVs captures pathogen activity, host response, and tissue injury, offering a review-focused perspective on biomarker discovery for microbial infectious diseases. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes the biogenesis and major classifications of EVs. Using a 'dual-track' strategy that examines both pathogen-derived and host-response-induced EVs, we discuss protein alterations associated with viral and bacterial infections and explore their potential clinical value as biomarkers. We also summarize the technologies used across the cited literature and discuss the remaining challenges in translating EV proteins into diagnostic biomarkers for microbial infectious diseases. EXPERT OPINION: Proteomics has been widely used to identify biomarkers of infection and inflammation. EV-associated protein alterations are closely associated with microbial infectious disease progression and may reflect pathogen-derived signals, host immune changes, and organ injury. Clinical translation will require standardized EV isolation, reproducible mass-spectrometry workflows, targeted validation, and rapid assay formats suitable for point-of-care testing.
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