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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences · October 10, 2026
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major global health challenge. Beyond traditional bone health, low Vitamin D status is increasingly linked to chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Objective: This review synthesizes current evidence on Vitamin D in cardiovascular and metabolic health, evaluating molecular pathways, clinical trial discrepancies and prospective research fields. Methods: Electronic databases were analyzed for observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses exploring Vitamin D status in relation to Hypertension, Insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular events. Results: Epidemiological data show a strong inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and metabolic syndrome components. Proposed molecular mechanisms include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulation, cytokine modulation and direct endothelial preservation. However, large-scale RCTs show conflicting results, demonstrating minimal or no benefit in baseline-sufficient populations. Conclusion: Vitamin D is vital for cardiometabolic homeostasis. Discrepancies in clinical trials highlight the necessity for targeted, personalized, high-dose protocols focusing exclusively on severely deficient cohorts.