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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Health · July 27, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a descriptive exploratory in vitro study isolating four endophytic fungal species from turmeric and demonstrating their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi using agar diffusion assay. The isolates showed inhibition zones comparable to or slightly less than chloramphenicol; however, the study lacks a control group, clinical validation, and mechanistic data, and therefore represents early-stage discovery that requires confirmation.
Descriptive exploratory study. Turmeric plant (Curcuma longa Linn.) tissues from which endophytic fungi were isolated; no human subjects enrolled.. Intervention: Endophytic fungal isolates (B1, B2, B3 from stem; R from rhizome) tested for antibacterial activity. Compared with: Chloramphenicol disc (positive control).
Four endophytic fungal isolates obtained: three from stem (Acremonium sp., Acremonium sp., Mucor sp.) and one from rhizome (Aspergillus sp.) Mean inhibition zone diameters were 29 mm for isolates B1 and B2, 27 mm for B3, and 22 mm for isolate R Positive control chloramphenicol discs showed inhibition zone diameter of 30.5 mm
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
This finding is not yet actionable clinically. The in vitro activity is encouraging, but efficacy and safety must be demonstrated in animal models and eventually clinical trials before any therapeutic application can be considered.
An uncontrolled, descriptive exploratory study of fungal isolates showing in vitro antibacterial activity; no comparative design, no clinical endpoint, and results require confirmation in animal or clinical studies.
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Quoted from the source exactly as published.
This finding is not yet actionable clinically. The in vitro activity is encouraging, but efficacy and safety must be demonstrated in animal models and eventually clinical trials before any therapeutic application can be considered.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Background: Typhoid fever is a systemic infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi and remains a public health problem due to its high incidence rate and the increasing antibiotic resistance. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) against Salmonella typhi. Methods: This study employed a descriptive exploratory research design, involving the isolation of endophytic fungi from the leaves, stems, and rhizomes of turmeric plants using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) supplemented with chloramphenicol, followed by the identification of the isolates based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was evaluated using the diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Results: Four endophytic fungal isolates were obtained, consisting of three isolates from the stem (B1, B2, and B3) and one isolate from the rhizome (R). Isolates B1 and B2 were identified as Acremonium sp., B3 as Mucor sp., and R as Aspergillus sp. Antibacterial activity testing against Salmonella typhi showed that all isolates exhibited very strong activity. The mean inhibition zone diameters were 29 mm for isolates B1 and B2, 27 mm for isolate B3, and 22 mm for isolate R. Meanwhile, the positive control using chloramphenicol discs showed an inhibition zone diameter of 30.5 mm. Conclusions: This study provides data on the diversity of endophytic fungi successfully cultured from various parts of the turmeric plant and demonstrates strong antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, thereby contributing to the enrichment of scientific knowledge regarding the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of antimicrobial agents.
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