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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Affective Disorders · October 7, 2026
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Mild depressive symptoms are more prevalent than threshold-level depressive symptoms, yet epidemiologic and clinical data on mild depressive symptoms among veterans are limited. We examined the prevalence, correlates, and psychiatric and functional burden of mild depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of older U.S. veterans. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 2979 veterans aged 60 and older who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and categorized as none, mild, or a positive PHQ-2 screen. Weighted multivariable regression models examined associations with psychiatric disorders, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and functional measures. Results revealed that mild depressive symptoms (18.2%) were 4-times more prevalent than a positive PHQ-2 screen (4.3%) and associated with higher adjusted prevalence of posttraumatic stress and generalized anxiety disorders, past-year suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempt. Greater depressive symptom severity was associated with progressively higher levels of psychiatric and functional burden. Mild depressive symptoms are prevalent and associated with significant psychiatric and functional burden among older U.S. veterans, underscoring the importance of further assessment, monitoring, and evaluation of whether interventions targeting these symptoms can improve outcomes in this population.