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Life sciences · Journal article
Indonesian Journal of Cancer · September 30, 2026
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Background: Radiation therapy is one of the primary modalities in cancer treatment that requires adequate patient education to enhance adherence, reduce anxiety, and improve therapeutic outcomes. However, time constraints and limited medical resources often hinder the delivery of comprehensive patient education. This article reviews the role of ChatGPT, a large language model based on artificial intelligence, in supporting physicians in educating patients undergoing radiation therapy. Methods: This literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, with the keywords: "ChatGPT", "radiation oncology", and "patient education" covering publications from 2022 to 2025. Results: Several studies indicate that ChatGPT can provide generally accurate and comprehensive information for patients, with some reporting that up to 94% of ChatGPT responses were rated as equally or more comprehensible than expert answers. In scenarios such as explaining radiotherapy side effects or answering cancer-specific inquiries (e.g., breast, lung, or bladder cancer), ChatGPT demonstrated high readability and usefulness. However, limitations remain in clinical detail accuracy and the potential for biased or outdated information. Conclusions: ChatGPT may serve as a complementary tool in patient education for radiation therapy. Nevertheless, its implementation should be carefully monitored and validated by healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective usage.