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Vaccine Efficacy / COVID-19 Vaccines / Vaccine Effectiveness · Journal article
Expert Review of Vaccines · July 26, 2026
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This multi-country cohort study found that adapted XBB.1.5 vaccine provided 52% effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization and 75% against death in immunocompromised persons aged ≥18 years within 14–59 days of vaccination, with substantial waning by 180–365 days post-vaccination. The results support short-to-medium term protection in this high-risk population during a period when BA.2.86/JN.1 variants were circulating.
Multi-country retrospective cohort study with meta-analysis of site-level confounder-adjusted hazard ratios. Immunocompromised persons aged ≥18 years enrolled from electronic health records in Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Portugal, Spain (Navarre), and Sweden; identified through a common set of immunocompromising conditions.. Intervention: Adapted XBB.1.5 vaccine administered during 2023–24 fall vaccination campaign. Compared with: Unvaccinated immunocompromised persons. Six European countries: Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Portugal, Spain (Navarre), and Sweden.
XBB.1.5 VE was 52% (95% CI: 41–60) against hospitalization at 14–59 days after vaccination XBB.1.5 VE was 75% (95% CI: 60–84) against death at 14–59 days after vaccination Vaccine effectiveness decreased with time since vaccination with no remaining protection at 180–365 days after vaccination
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
Clinicians caring for immunocompromised patients should consider XBB.1.5 vaccination for near-term protection against severe COVID-19, particularly within the first 120 days, but recognize that protection wanes substantially after 6 months and revaccination or alternative strategies may be needed for sustained protection.
Multi-country retrospective cohort study with confounder-adjusted hazard ratios and meta-analysis pooling, demonstrating moderate vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes in a vulnerable population, though protection wanes over time.
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Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians caring for immunocompromised patients should consider XBB.1.5 vaccination for near-term protection against severe COVID-19, particularly within the first 120 days, but recognize that protection wanes substantially after 6 months and revaccination or alternative strategies may be needed for sustained protection.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Background. We estimated the XBB.1.5 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization and death in Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Portugal, Spain (Navarre), and Sweden following the 2023-24 fall vaccination campaign among immunocompromised persons (ICPs).Research design and methods. We conducted a multi-country retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Study sites identified ICPs aged ≥18 years through a common set of immunocompromising conditions and follow-up started the first day of the 2023 vaccination campaign until 12 months later. VE was calculated by time since vaccination (14-59, 60-119, 120-179, 180-365 days after vaccination) for ICPs by pooling study site level confounder adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of vaccination, estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models, using a random effect meta-analysis with VE = 100 × (1-pooled aHR).Results. The XBB.1.5 VE was 52% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41 to 60) and 75% (95%CI: 60 to 84) against hospitalization and death, respectively, 14-59 days after vaccination, and VE decreased with time since vaccination with no remaining protection at 180-365 days after vaccination.Conclusion. Adapted XBB.1.5 vaccine provided moderate protection within 120 days after vaccination against severe COVID-19 outcomes among ICPs aged ≥18 years during a period with BA.2.86/JN.1 replacing the XBB.1.5 variant.
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