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Life sciences · Journal article
Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · September 25, 2026
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The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials is an important cause of adverse outcomes of infectious diseases. It is important to study various aspects of the epidemic process of the spread of resistant strains of microorganisms. Аim. To evaluate the possible role of various patient-related factors in the development of Streptococcus pneumoniaе resistance to groups of antibacterial drugs in adult patients with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. Materials and methods. The design is "case-control" study. The antibacterial drug resistance profile for Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates isolated from the sputum of 311 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was evaluated from September 1, 2020 to April 06, 2025 in Kazan. The association with the isolation of antibiotic resistant strains was analyzed for the following factors: patient's gender, age over 65 years, presence of concomitant chronic diseases, indications of surgery and hospitalization during the 1 year preceding this disease, taking inhaled glucocorticosteroids and/or systemic glucocorticosteroids and/or chemotherapy, presence of a harmful chemical factor at work, activity related to contacts with a large number of people at the place of work or study, the presence of cohabiting, selection of biological material from the patient on the 2nd day of hospitalization and later, a month of analysis selection, residence in a certain area of Kazan. Regression analysis (univariate and multifactorial) was performed with the calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals. Results. According to the results of a multifactorial analysis, the male sex of the patient (aOR = 0.11, 95 % CI 0.02−0.89, p = 0.02) and the presence of cohabitation with the patient (aOR = 0.1, 95 % CI 0.01−0.95, p = 0.045) were associated with a lower risk of isolation of levofloxacin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Examination on the 2nd day of hospitalization and later significantly increased the probability of detecting penicillin-resistant (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI 1.32−8.09, p = 0.01) and erythromycin-resistant (aOR = 3.3, 95 % CI 1.28−8.54, p = 0.014) strains of pneumococcus. Our study did not reveal a relationship between age, concomitant diseases, previous hospitalizations, and occupational characteristics with the presence of resistance of pneumococcal strains isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia to antimicrobial agents. Conclusion. Significant factors of pneumococcal resistance to certain groups of drugs were: the time of taking the material for examination (day of hospitalization), gender, the absence of cohabitants.