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Hematological Disorders and Diagnostics · Journal article
Veterinary Sciences · September 7, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a case report of carcinoma of unknown primary origin in a dog presenting with rapidly progressive multifocal skeletal lesions and fatal cancer-associated thrombosis. The case documents an unusual diagnostic scenario in which comprehensive imaging and pathology failed to identify a primary tumor, and illustrates the potential for metastatic carcinoma to mimic primary bone neoplasia or lymphoma. No treatment outcomes, efficacy data, or comparative evidence are provided.
Single case report. 15-year-old spayed female Jindo-mix dog referred for acute onset tetralimb lameness and inability to stand.. Intervention: Surgical excision of dominant left ischial lesion; serial imaging (CT, MRI); thromboelastography and coagulation testing; antithrombotic therapy; postmortem immunohistochemistry..
15-year-old dog presented with rapidly progressive tetralimb lameness over 2 weeks Computed tomography revealed aggressive multifocal osteolytic and osteoproliferative lesions in pelvis, distal femur, and lumbar vertebra with generalized lymphadenopathy Serial thromboelastography demonstrated predominantly hypercoagulable profile despite antithrombotic therapy
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This report is descriptive and raises diagnostic awareness for clinicians managing patients with multifocal skeletal lesions. It underscores the possibility of metastatic carcinoma in cases of rapidly progressive bone disease and the potential for cancer-associated thrombosis as a fatal complication, but provides no guidance on diagnosis, treatment, or prognosis applicable beyond this individual case.
A single case report of an unusual veterinary presentation that raises diagnostic awareness but provides no comparative data, control, or generalizable evidence on incidence, treatment, or outcome.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
This report is descriptive and raises diagnostic awareness for clinicians managing patients with multifocal skeletal lesions. It underscores the possibility of metastatic carcinoma in cases of rapidly progressive bone disease and the potential for cancer-associated thrombosis as a fatal complication, but provides no guidance on diagnosis, treatment, or prognosis applicable beyond this individual case.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) involving the skeletal system is rare in dogs and may closely mimic primary bone neoplasia or multicentric lymphoma, creating substantial diagnostic challenges. A 15-year-old spayed female Jindo-mix dog was referred for rapidly progressive tetralimb lameness and inability to stand following a 2-week history of worsening forelimb lameness. Computed tomography revealed aggressive multifocal osteolytic and osteoproliferative lesions involving the pelvis, distal femur, and lumbar vertebra, accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy, raising differential diagnoses including osteosarcoma, lymphoma, and metastatic neoplasia. Serial CT examinations demonstrated rapid progression of the dominant left ischial lesion, which was considered most consistent with a primary bone neoplasm and was surgically excised for definitive diagnosis. MRI failed to identify clinically significant neurologic disease. Histopathologic examination of a surgically excised ischial lesion favored poorly differentiated epithelial malignancy, although lymphoma could not initially be excluded. During hospitalization, serial thromboelastography (TEG) and coagulation testing demonstrated a predominantly hypercoagulable profile despite antithrombotic therapy. Following acute clinical deterioration, contrast-enhanced CT identified thrombosis involving the splenic vein and caudal vena cava, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), and concurrent multi-organ infarction. Cytology of an enlarged peripheral lymph node suggested metastatic carcinoma, and postmortem immunohistochemistry supported epithelial differentiation, and in the absence of an identifiable primary tumor despite comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, the case was clinically classified as carcinoma of unknown primary origin. This case highlights an unusual diagnostic presentation of skeletal CUP mimicking osteosarcoma or lymphoma and complicated by fatal cancer-associated thrombosis. Rapidly progressive multifocal bone lesions accompanied by hypercoagulability should prompt consideration of metastatic carcinoma, including carcinoma of unknown origin, even in the absence of an identifiable primary tumor.
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