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Cancer Cells and Metastasis / Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response · Journal article
Clinical and Experimental Medicine · August 8, 2026
Raises a question worth testing. It does not answer one.
This is a narrative review examining how the nervous system influences lung cancer pathogenesis through neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms and surveying therapeutic potential of neuromodulatory agents. The authors acknowledge that most evidence remains preclinical and that clinical translation faces unresolved challenges including receptor specificity and model limitations, making this primarily a synthesis of mechanistic hypotheses rather than a demonstration of clinical benefit.
Journal article. Lung cancer (population-level discussion; no specific patient cohort studied).
Psychological stress, sleep disorders, and smoking influence lung cancer via neuroendocrine-immune networks Multiple neurotransmitters (catecholamines, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, histamine, acetylcholine) show context-dependent and receptor subtype-specific effects on tumor proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immune evasion β-blockers and neurotransmitter receptor-targeted drugs show therapeutic potential with possible synergistic effects with conventional therapies
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
Clinicians should recognize this as an exploratory synthesis highlighting mechanistic pathways and potential therapeutic targets rather than evidence supporting changes in clinical practice. The authors emphasize the necessity for clinical trials to validate preclinical findings before adoption.
This is a narrative review synthesizing mechanistic evidence about neural regulation in lung cancer, raising questions about therapeutic potential rather than reporting original empirical results or clinical outcomes.
Clinicians should recognize this as an exploratory synthesis highlighting mechanistic pathways and potential therapeutic targets rather than evidence supporting changes in clinical practice. The authors emphasize the necessity for clinical trials to validate preclinical findings before adoption.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, treatment outcomes are often constrained by tumor heterogeneity and the complex tumor microenvironment. Recent studies highlight the critical role of the nervous system in lung cancer pathogenesis through bidirectional interactions between the central/peripheral nervous system and cancer cells. This review systematically explores how psychological stress, sleep disorders, and smoking influence the initiation and progression of lung cancer via neuroendocrine-immune networks. We further detail the dual roles of key neurotransmitters—including catecholamines, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, histamine, and acetylcholine—in regulating tumor proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immune evasion, with an emphasis on their context-dependent and receptor subtype-specific effects. Emerging evidence indicates that neurotransmitters remodel the tumor microenvironment by modulating immune cell function and receptor-mediated signaling pathways. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of neuromodulatory agents, particularly β-blockers and neurotransmitter receptor-targeted drugs, and their possible synergistic effects with conventional therapies, while critically distinguishing between strategies supported by clinical evidence and those remaining at the preclinical stage. Challenges persist, including neurotransmitter concentration gradients, receptor subtype specificity, and limitations of preclinical models. The convergence of neuroscience and oncology offers promising avenues for innovative lung cancer therapies, underscoring the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration to translate these discoveries into clinical practice.
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