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Life sciences · Journal article
Molecules · September 10, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a preclinical development study of a novel cocrystal salt combining norfloxacin and niflumic acid. The authors report improved solubility, chemical stability, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new formulation, as well as in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in an unspecified animal model and favorable in silico ADME and toxicity predictions. The work is exploratory chemistry and early pharmacology; it does not provide evidence suitable for clinical decision-making.
Preclinical drug formulation and in vitro/in vivo efficacy study. In vitro: unspecified bacterial strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive). In vivo: unspecified animal model for anti-inflammatory testing.. Intervention: Norfloxacin–niflumate hydrate salt (NORNIF) in dihydrate form.. Compared with: Norfloxacin and niflumic acid components evaluated individually; no controlled therapeutic comparator specified..
Norfloxacin–niflumate salt (NORNIF) in dihydrate form achieved improved stability and antibiotic potency against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant microbes, compared to norfloxacin alone. NORNIF improved solubility and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of niflumic acid component. In silico prediction classified NORNIF as toxicity class 4 (non-toxic) with predicted good gastrointestinal absorption via Swiss-ADME and ProTox-3.
Toxicity classification is computational prediction, not experimental validation. In silico prediction classified NORNIF as toxicity class 4 (non-toxic) with predicted good gastrointestinal absorption via Swiss-ADME and ProTox-3.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Early-stage preclinical study of a novel drug formulation with in vitro antimicrobial testing, in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy in an unspecified animal model, and computational toxicity prediction, but no human clinical data or controlled comparative efficacy trials.
As stated by the source record.
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Multicomponent antibiotic–anti-inflammatory systems have recently attracted considerable attention, as this combination is becoming a standard therapy for infectious diseases. This study aimed to develop a multicomponent system comprising norfloxacin (NOR), an old fluoroquinolone antibiotic, and niflumic acid (NIF), another old, poorly soluble anti-inflammatory drug, to improve the physicochemical properties, antibiotic potency, and anti-inflammation effect, as well as their safety. First, a phase diagram was constructed to ensure solid-state reaction and to predict its stoichiometry; subsequently, the multicomponent system was prepared by solvent-drop grinding. The product was analyzed by a series of thermal analyses and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Next, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance elucidated the molecular interactions, and the final 3D structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, followed by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Afterward, the solubility and chemical stability were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the physical stability of the multicomponent system was evaluated by PXRD. Antimicrobial potency against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that a newly formed antibiotic–anti-inflammatory multicomponent system, named norfloxacin–niflumate (NORNIF), in a salt dihydrate form, significantly improved the stability and antibiotic potency of NOR, including against the resistant microbe, as well as the solubility and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of NIF simultaneously. In addition, preliminary in silico studies using Swiss-ADME and ProTox-3 predicted that the salt was well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and could be classified as toxicity class 4 (non-toxic).
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