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Life sciences · Journal article
Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · October 30, 2026
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Globally, obesity has become a significant problem and contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome affects the pharmacokinetics of various opioids, raising drug toxicity. Tramadol is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain. Chronic tramadol misuse can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system. Though some studies pointed out the risk of increased lipid peroxidation and hepatic and renal damage, very little research has been done on how tramadol affects the cardiovascular system in obese conditions. Hence, we sought to investigate the effects of tramadol in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In this study, an obese mouse group was administered 5 mg/kg of tramadol along with a high-fat diet (HFD). Following six weeks of treatment, we measured body weight, Lee index, food efficiency ratio, organ weight, lipid profile test (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol), liver function test (Aspartate aminotransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase), creatinine level, adipocyte cell size, and coronary risk indices (Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Atherogenic coefficient, and Coronary Risk Ratio). Our data indicate that tramadol reduces food intake and the weight of the organs. Body weight reduction is attributed to the reduced food intake in obese mice treated with tramadol. It increases lipid profiles, liver-kidney function markers, and cardiac indices. This study suggests that tramadol harms the cardiac system and induces many cardiac complications. Thus, it is worth announcing that tramadol exaggerates cardiac complications in obese mice.