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Life sciences · Journal article
Polymer International · September 12, 2026
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Abstract Transformative platforms in the pharmaceutical sciences include nanofiber‐based drug delivery systems, engineered to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. Their remarkable properties, such as high surface area, tunable porosity and biomimetic architecture, make them ideal for enhancing the solubility of poorly water‐soluble drugs, controlling release kinetics and enabling targeted delivery. In this review, we examine the details of the advancement of nanofiber technology, starting with the methods of nanofiber fabrication. Electrospinning remains the most widely used method of nanofiber fabrication; therefore, exploring its critical parameters and advanced configurations is crucial. We further highlight innovative alternatives, such as solution blow spinning, pressurized gyration and centrifugal spinning, that address scalability and versatility requirements. Furthermore, we discuss an extensive material repertoire for nanofiber synthesis, encompassing natural, synthetic and semi‐synthetic polymers, as well as inorganic and carbon‐based materials. The core of the review focuses on diverse therapeutic applications, demonstrating the efficacy of nanofibers in localized delivery and systemic disease management. The paper explains the significant progress in cancer therapy, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and tissue engineering. The capability of these nanofibers for advanced delivery, including genes, proteins and growth factors, is also explored. Moreover, the mechanisms and mathematical models of drug release are elucidated to predict and design a controlled‐release profile. Finally, the review concludes by addressing the challenges in manufacturing scalability, long‐term biocompatibility and regulatory pathways. It also outlines future directions involving smart materials and green fabrication. By bridging multidisciplinary innovations, nanofiber‐based systems aim to redefine therapeutic models and significantly improve patient outcomes globally. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.