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Life sciences · Journal article
Astana Medical Journal · October 23, 2026
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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains one of the leading causes of infectious morbidity among children. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological trends, limitations of laboratory diagnostics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of AGE pathogens among children in Kazakhstan during 2018–2025. A retrospective analysis of official statistical data, clinical and laboratory indicators, and microbiological study results from 2018 to 2025 was performed. Trends in bacterial and viral AGE, age-specific disease distribution, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically significant enterobacteria were evaluated. A decline in the incidence of bacterial AGE, including shigellosis and salmonellosis, was identified, accompanied by an increase in cases of unspecified etiology. The highest involvement in the epidemic process of viral diarrheal diseases was observed among children under 14 years of age. Significant fluctuations in incidence rates were recorded during the post-pandemic period. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the epidemiology of intestinal infections and was associated with gastrointestinal manifestations in children. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance among opportunistic enterobacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, ESBL-producing Escherichia Coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) demonstrated high levels of resistance to ampicillin and third-generation cephalosporins. Limitations in laboratory diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance were identified, related to the low proportion of etiologically confirmed cases and inadequate registration of viral diarrheal diseases. Acute gastroenteritis in children remains a significant public health concern in Kazakhstan. Improvement of laboratory diagnostics through the implementation of molecular genetic methods, strengthening epidemiological surveillance of bacterial and viral intestinal infections, and expanding antimicrobial resistance monitoring are necessary to enhance treatment effectiveness and prevent complications. Keywords: acute gastroenterocolitis, children, intestinal infections, diarrhea, antibiotic resistance.