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Life sciences · Journal article
Nature Communications · October 16, 2026
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Abstract Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a major unmet clinical challenge. Although obesity is common in many HFpEF cohorts from Europe and North America, three Japanese HFpEF cohorts identified hypertension and sympathetic overactivation, rather than obesity, as dominant features. To model these features, we established an HFpEF mouse model in which sympathetic activation induces hypertensive heart disease, while endothelial dysfunction acts as a second hit driving progression to HFpEF. Hypertensive stress rewires cardiac macrophage-derived intercellular signaling, impairing macrophage-to-cardiomyocyte BMP signaling and fatty acid oxidation while enhancing macrophage-to-fibroblast PDGF signaling, thereby promoting metabolic remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. ANGPTL2 inhibition preserves macrophage intercellular communication and prevents HFpEF development. These findings identify cardiac macrophage signaling rewiring as a central mechanism linking hypertensive stress to metabolic remodeling and inflammation, revealing a pathogenic pathway for HFpEF in the absence of obesity that is distinct from HFpEF associated with obesity.