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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics · October 7, 2026
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Objective: Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with Indonesia experiencing a rising incidence due to demographic and lifestyle changes. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical profiles of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Dr. Soedjono Hospital during 2024–2025, identify commonly used chemotherapy regimens, and analyze actual treatment costs. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used secondary clinical and financial data of chemotherapy patients at Dr. Soedjono Hospital from January 2024 to June 2025. Patients with complete medical and cost records were included, while those lacking data or not completing one chemotherapy cycle were excluded. Data were analyzed descriptively and through statistical the Kruskal–Wallis test. Ethical approval and patient confidentiality were ensured. Results: Most patients were women aged 41–70 y, with breast cancer as the most common diagnosis. The predominant chemotherapy regimen involved cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, with a combination of the two drugs most frequently used. Class 3 patients, with the highest percentage (72.38%), who were mostly covered by National Health Insurance, incurred the highest average total annual chemotherapy costs of IDR 7,417,474 due to more frequent treatment sessions, although the cost per session was lower compared to higher outpatient classes. The actual average chemotherapy costs for the three classes differed statistically significantly (p-value 0.002). Conclusion: The study highlights the need to improve cancer staging and expand access to targeted therapies to enhance treatment outcomes and sustainability in regional healthcare settings.