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Papillomavirus Infections / Vaccine Intention / Papillomavirus Vaccines · Journal article
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · July 28, 2026
Encouraging direction, but not yet definitive.
This cross-sectional study of 1,310 male college students in Hangzhou identified psychosocial determinants of HPV vaccination intention using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior framework. Perceived behavioral control (β = 0.527), attitude, subjective norms, and HPV knowledge were significant predictors; 62.7% expressed willingness to be vaccinated. The findings identify modifiable targets for health policy and education but do not demonstrate whether these intentions translate to actual vaccination behavior.
Cross-sectional study with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. Male undergraduate students in Hangzhou, China, balanced across four academic years; sexually active population with suboptimal condom use and limited HPV knowledge.. Intervention: No intervention; observational study measuring psychosocial factors (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, HPV knowledge, risk perception) and their association with vaccination intention.. n = 1,310. Hangzhou, China (economically developed coastal region in eastern Zhejiang province).
62.7% of 1,310 male college students expressed willingness to receive HPV vaccine Perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor (β = 0.527, p < .001) Final model with all variables (sociodemographics, TPB constructs, HPV knowledge/risk) accounted for 32.7% of variance in vaccination intention by hierarchical regression and 75.9% by structural equation modeling
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These findings identify perceived behavioral control, attitudes, and social norms as key levers for increasing HPV vaccination uptake among young males. Clinicians and public health professionals should consider interventions that improve vaccine accessibility, affordability, and perceived feasibility, alongside health education addressing knowledge gaps and risk perception. However, the measure of intention does not guarantee vaccination behavior change.
A sound cross-sectional study with adequate sample size and validated statistical methods (hierarchical regression and SEM) identifying psychosocial predictors of HPV vaccination intention in a specific population, but using intention as a surrogate for actual vaccination behavior and limited to one Chinese city.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
These findings identify perceived behavioral control, attitudes, and social norms as key levers for increasing HPV vaccination uptake among young males. Clinicians and public health professionals should consider interventions that improve vaccine accessibility, affordability, and perceived feasibility, alongside health education addressing knowledge gaps and risk perception. However, the measure of intention does not guarantee vaccination behavior change.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for males is critical for reducing the global burden of HPV-related diseases. This study utilized an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to identify determinants of vaccination intentions among Chinese male undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2025 in Hangzhou, China, recruiting 1,310 participants via multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The dependent variable was vaccination intention. Independent variables included sociodemographics, TPB constructs (behavior attitude [BA], subjective norms [SN], and perceived behavioral control [PBC]), HPV knowledge and risk perception. We employed a three-step hierarchical linear model (Model 1: sociodemographics; Model 2: adding TPB constructs; Model 3: adding HPV knowledge/risk) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test latent paths. Among the 1,310 participants (balanced across four academic years), 62.7% expressed a willingness to receive the HPV vaccine. Hierarchical regression revealed that sociodemographics explained 2.1% of the variance in vaccination intention (Model 1), which increased to 25.1% with the inclusion of TPB constructs (Model 2), and reached 32.7% in the final model (Model 3) (F = 126.245, p <.001). SEM analysis further validated the model (χ2/df = 2.102, RMSEA = 0.068, GFI = 0.968), accounting for 75.9% of the total variance in behavioral intention. PBC was identified as the most powerful predictor (β = 0.527, p <.001), followed by BA, SN and HPV-related knowledge. Additionally, higher self-assessed risk of infection significantly predicted stronger intentions. The results of this study indicated that increasing vaccination rates requires policy interventions to improve vaccine accessibility and affordability, alongside fostering positive attitudes and social support through targeted health education.
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