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Viral Infections and Immunology Research · Journal article
European Journal of Heart Failure · August 18, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This is a multisociety consensus statement providing a phase-aware framework (hot, hot-to-cold, cold) for diagnosis and management of arrhythmias in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Recommendations integrate disease phase, genetic background, and evidence type (opinion, observational, or randomized trial–based) to guide antiarrhythmic therapy, immunosuppression, device implantation, and ablation strategies, with emphasis on risk stratification and the hot-to-cold transition as an arrhythmogenic window.
Journal article. Patients with myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy presenting with or at risk for arrhythmias. European, Asia-Pacific, and Latin American societies.
Myocarditis is an important and frequently underrecognized cause of atrioventricular conduction disease and ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmic risk evolves over time as a result of the interplay between myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and genetic predisposition. Management is stratified by disease phase: during active inflammation, antiarrhythmic therapy is combined with aetiology-targeted treatment or immunosuppression; in later stages, substrate-based strategies include pharmacological therapy, device implantation, or ablation.
Management is stratified by disease phase: during active inflammation, antiarrhythmic therapy is combined with aetiology-targeted treatment or immunosuppression; in later stages, substrate-based strategies include pharmacological therapy, device implantation, or ablation.
Clinicians managing arrhythmias in myocarditis should use this phase-aware framework to guide diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic strategy selection. The emphasis on the hot-to-cold transition and risk stratification highlights the dynamic nature of arrhythmic risk and the need for longitudinal follow-up.
A multisociety consensus statement providing structured clinical recommendations for arrhythmia management in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy, graded by evidence type and formal voting.
As stated by the source record.
Clinicians managing arrhythmias in myocarditis should use this phase-aware framework to guide diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic strategy selection. The emphasis on the hot-to-cold transition and risk stratification highlights the dynamic nature of arrhythmic risk and the need for longitudinal follow-up.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Myocarditis is an important and frequently underrecognized cause of atrioventricular conduction disease and ventricular arrhythmias and may also be associated with atrial arrhythmias and sinus node dysfunction. Arrhythmic risk evolves over time as a result of the interplay between myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and genetic predisposition. Despite its clinical relevance, guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of arrhythmias in myocarditis has remained limited. This consensus statement provides a structured framework for the management of arrhythmias in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (Infl-CMP), integrating disease phase and genetic background into clinical decision-making. It offers practical guidance across the disease spectrum, including diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic strategies, and longitudinal follow-up. The document was jointly developed by the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC, the ESC Working Group on Myocardial & Pericardial Diseases, and the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the ESC, together with the Heart Rhythm Society, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society. Consensus advice is organized using a phase-aware framework distinguishing hot, hot-to-cold, and cold phases, with clinical consensus statements graded according to opinion-, observational-, or randomized trial-based evidence and supported by formal author voting. Arrhythmia management is stratified by disease phase. During active inflammation, antiarrhythmic therapy is combined with aetiology-targeted treatment or immunosuppression when indicated. In later stages, substrate-based strategies include pharmacological therapy, device implantation, or ablation. Emphasis is placed on hot-to-cold transition as an arrhythmogenic window and on risk stratification.
Taken from the source record, never inferred. Follow any of these and new work involving them reaches your briefing.