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Life sciences · Journal article
Ieccmexico · September 27, 2026
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Perinatal mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, represent a relevant component of maternal morbidity and may emerge during pregnancy, persist after childbirth, or recur in women with previous psychiatric vulnerability. This study analyzed perinatal mental health from an interdisciplinary perspective, integrating early detection, obstetric and psychosocial risk factors, and continuity of care across gynecology, psychiatry, and family medicine. An integrative literature review based on the Scientific Method was conducted using evidence from clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies, and clinical trials. The analysis identified a substantial prevalence of perinatal depression and anxiety, with depressive symptoms affecting approximately one quarter of women in several pooled analyses and anxiety reaching its highest pooled prevalence during the third trimester. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale demonstrated variable diagnostic performance according to the selected cutoff, highlighting the need to interpret screening within a broader clinical assessment. Obstetric factors also showed relevant associations with maternal mental health, particularly emergency cesarean delivery, which was linked to higher odds of postpartum depression than elective procedures. In addition, collaborative-care interventions showed higher remission rates and greater mental health service utilization than enhanced maternity support alone. These findings indicate that perinatal mental healthcare should not be limited to isolated screening or the immediate postpartum period. A continuous model incorporating validated screening, obstetric and psychosocial risk assessment, timely psychiatric evaluation, treatment, referral, and longitudinal family-centered follow-up may provide a more comprehensive framework for maternal mental healthcare throughout pregnancy and the first postpartum year.