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Life sciences · Journal article
Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · October 20, 2026
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In light of the widespread growth of antimicrobial resistance, the decline in the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, and the global shortage of innovative antibacterial drugs, preventing infectious diseases and preserving antibiotics for future generations are more urgent than ever. This is why the medical community is paying more attention to antibiotic-sparing technologies. One such technology involves modulating the gastrointestinal microbiota to influence the immune response using live biotherapeutic products and probiotics. This publication provides a detailed analysis of the properties, effectiveness and safety of using two probiotic strains of normal human microbiota – Streptococcus salivarius K12 (SsK12) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Additionally, it explores the potential of a new, two-level probiotic for preventing respiratory tract infections and antibiotic-associated conditions, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea and oral candidiasis, in real clinical practice.