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Life sciences · Journal article
The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine · September 11, 2026
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Abstract Purpose The study was aimed at the assessment of non-insulin-based markers as alternatives to the conventional insulin-based indices in anthropometry specified type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The outcome was targeted towards the utility of such indices in diabetes mellitus and associated metabolic derangements centering around insulin resistance. Methods Fasting venous blood samples were utilized for biochemical analyses. The parameters included plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile [triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (Friedewald equation)]. Uric acid, liver enzymes, renal profile, electrolytes, and thyroid function tests were also evaluated. Appropriate statistical analysis, as deemed fit for normal and skewed data were undertaken. Results Across the BMI categories, significant differences were observed in several insulin-resistance indices. Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) values were lowest in the obese group and highest in the normal-weight group ( p < 0.0001). Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) values also showed reduction across normal, overweight, and obese groups ( p < 0.0001). The TyG index demonstrated a significant increase with rising BMI ( p = 0.0002). With reference to utility of SPISE as a predictor in anthropometry specified groups, it demonstrated a near-perfect discriminatory performance with an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–1.00, p < 0.0001). A cut-off value of < 5.55 yielded a sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 93.3%. Conclusions SPISE, independent of insulin, showed high discrimination of BMI-defined obesity in this T2DM cohort, although its performance should be interpreted cautiously because BMI is incorporated into the SPISE equation.