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Vaccine Development / Vaccines · Journal article
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · June 22, 2026
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This scoping review identifies eight vaccinology courses offered in Africa (Morocco, Senegal, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Ghana, South Africa, Zimbabwe), including short professional training and university certificate programs. The authors found significant variation in vaccinology module content between Africa and other continents across 13 topic areas, and identified multiple gaps related to target population, objectives, delivery methods, content, duration, practical sessions, costs, and funding.
Scoping review methodology mapping educational programs across continents. Healthcare workers, medical students, nursing and midwifery students, postgraduates, researchers, and public health professionals requiring vaccinology training. n = 8.
Eight vaccinology courses, including short professional training and university certificate programs, were offered in Africa across nine countries Percentages of vaccinology modules significantly vary between Africa and other continents across 13 specific topic areas Multiple gaps identified related to target population, course objectives, delivery method, content, duration, practical sessions, costs, and funding constraints
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
This review highlights substantial gaps in vaccinology education infrastructure in Africa, which may contribute to workforce capacity limitations for immunization programs. The identified variation in course content across continents suggests need for standardization and strengthening of vaccinology training, particularly given recent pandemic challenges and vaccine hesitancy issues.
A scoping review mapping vaccinology course availability and content globally, particularly in Africa, identifying educational gaps without quantitative outcome data or implementation studies.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
This review highlights substantial gaps in vaccinology education infrastructure in Africa, which may contribute to workforce capacity limitations for immunization programs. The identified variation in course content across continents suggests need for standardization and strengthening of vaccinology training, particularly given recent pandemic challenges and vaccine hesitancy issues.
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Mapping current vaccinology courses is critical for identifying educational gaps, refining program content, and increasing international cooperation to achieve a competent and well-coordinated global vaccination effort. This scoping review investigates the availability and content of vaccinology courses throughout the world, with a focus on Africa where there is a need for strengthened immunization systems and workforce capacity. Eight vaccinology courses, including short professional training and university certificate programs, were offered in Africa, including Morocco, Senegal, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Ghana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Our findings indicated that the percentages of vaccinology modules significantly vary between Africa and other continents, specifically: introduction to immunology, epidemiology, biology of pathogens, vaccine types, vaccine pharmacology, clinical research methodology, pharmacovigilance and vaccine safety, health economics, immunization programs, vaccine manufacture, the role of international organizations in vaccine development, vaccine advocacy, and vaccine cold chain management. By analyzing and comparing specific characteristics of the courses, our results also found multiple gaps and potential challenges related to target population, course objectives, method of course delivery, course contents, duration of course, training, practical sessions delivery, course costs, and funding constraints.
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