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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences · September 23, 2026
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The adverse effects associated with conventional cancer therapies have intensified the search for anticancer agents with fewer side effects. One approach involves the synthesis of organotin(IV) hydroxybenzoates. In this study, dibutyltin(IV) bis(2-hydroxybenzoate) [Bu2Sn(2-HB)2 (3a)], dibutyltin(IV) bis(3-hydroxybenzoate) [Bu2Sn(3-HB)2 (3b)], and dibutyltin(IV) bis(4-hydroxybenzoate) [Bu2Sn(4-HB)2 (3c)] were successfully synthesized. Compounds 3a--3c were obtained by reacting dibutyltin(IV) oxide (Bu2SnO) (1) with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA, 2a), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA, 2b), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA, 2c), respectively. Purity and structure were confirmed by ultraviolet--visible (UV--Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and by micro-elemental analysis. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated against A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), and HeLa (cervical) cancer cells and compared with effects on normal Vero cells. Compound 3a was most active against A549 and HeLa cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.16 mu g/mL (6.23 mu M) and 6.11 mu g/mL (12.05 mu M), respectively, whereas 3b was most active against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 of 3.36 mu g/mL (6.63 mu M). Based on the calculated selectivity index (SI), compound 3c showed the highest selectivity toward all three cancer cell lines.