Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism / Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism · Journal article
Frontiers in Oncology · September 11, 2026
Raises a question worth testing. It does not answer one.
This is a narrative review proposing that lipid metabolism reprogramming—including alterations in fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, lipid droplets, and mitochondrial β-oxidation—is a key mechanistic driver of endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer. The article does not present original empirical evidence or clinical trial data, but instead synthesizes existing literature to suggest theoretical connections between metabolic remodeling and drug resistance phenotypes.
Journal article. ER+ (estrogen receptor positive) breast cancer cells.
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is identified as a key metabolic feature enabling tumor cells to adapt to microenvironmental stress and promote endocrine therapy resistance Four major lipid metabolic pathways are implicated: fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, lipid droplet homeostasis, and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation Metabolic remodeling is proposed to provide survival advantages and energy to drug-resistant cells and directly promote drug-resistant phenotypes via signal transduction and epigenetic regulation
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This review proposes lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target to overcome endocrine therapy resistance and inform combination therapy strategies, but lacks clinical trial data or outcome measures to guide immediate practice change. Clinicians should view this as a mechanistic framework requiring prospective validation before any therapeutic recommendations can be made.
This is a narrative review synthesizing mechanistic hypotheses about lipid metabolism in endocrine resistance; it raises questions and proposes connections rather than presenting original empirical evidence or clinical outcomes.
This review proposes lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target to overcome endocrine therapy resistance and inform combination therapy strategies, but lacks clinical trial data or outcome measures to guide immediate practice change. Clinicians should view this as a mechanistic framework requiring prospective validation before any therapeutic recommendations can be made.
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ER+ (estrogen receptor positive) breast cancer is the most common subtype of breast cancer, for which endocrine therapy is the primary treatment. However, the development of drug resistance severely limits the clinical efficacy. In recent years, lipid metabolism reprogramming, as a key metabolic feature of tumor cells adapting to microenvironmental stress and driving progression and metastasis, has gained increasing attention due to its role in promoting endocrine therapy resistance. This review focuses on the lipid metabolism reprogramming that occurs in ER+ breast cancer cells in response to endocrine therapy, systematically elaborating on the key molecular mechanism changes in fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, lipid droplet homeostasis, and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. These metabolic remodeling processes not only provide survival advantages and energy to drug-resistant cells but also directly promote the formation and development of drug-resistant phenotypes by affecting signal transduction and epigenetic regulation pathways. By integrating the latest research progress in this field, this article aims to deeply reveal the intrinsic connection between lipid metabolism reprogramming and endocrine resistance, providing important theoretical basis and direction for overcoming the bottleneck of drug resistance and developing new combination therapy strategies targeting lipid metabolism.
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