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Life sciences · Preprint
arXiv · November 6, 2026
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Actor-critic methods optimize a parametrized policy using a critic to estimate their policy gradient. Recent work has shown that conditioning the critic on features of future states, actions, or rewards can improve sample efficiency and even final return. However, existing methods are restricted to exogenous features (independent of actions), overlooking endogenous features (dependent on actions) that may be crucial for credit assignment. We introduce the future-informed value function, which can be conditioned on both exogenous and endogenous features of future states, actions, and rewards. Then, we express the policy gradient using this value function, yielding the future-informed policy gradient. Building on that, we propose the future-informed actor-critic algorithm. Empirical results show that this algorithm leveraging endogenous features of the future outperforms standard actor-critic algorithms in environments with noisy and sparse rewards.