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Life sciences · Journal article
BMC Microbiology · October 8, 2026
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most prevalent infectious disease globally, exerting a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, data are limited regarding antimicrobial resistance profiles and the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production in bacterial uropathogens at the study hospital. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of uropathogens, examine the prevalence of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates, and identify associated factors in patients suspected of having urinary tract infections. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital from December 2024 to May 2025, involving 370 study participants. Midstream clean-catch urine samples were collected under sterile conditions. These samples were cultured and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was then performed following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, utilizing disk diffusion methods. Of the total samples collected, 154/370 (41.6%) showed significant bacteriuria. The predominant bacterial species was E. coli 47/154 (30.5%), followed by K. pneumoniae 22/154 (14.3%). Nine out of 10 (90%) and 5/10 (50%) of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, respectively. Seven out of 9 (77.8%) and 5/9 (55.6%) of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, respectively. All P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited resistance to ceftazidime, 15/15 (100%). E. coli also exhibited the highest resistance to ampicillin, 40/47 (85.1%). Overall, multidrug resistance was observed in 91/154 (59.1%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase producers accounted for 41/89 (46.1%) and 12/108 (11.1%), respectively. Vancomycin resistance was obtained in 3/10 (30%) of Enterococcus spp and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was also detected in 4/9 (44.4%). This study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant bacterial uropathogens in suspected urinary tract infection patients. Therefore, routine bacterial culture and surveillance of these resistant bacteria are essential for managing infections and enhancing antibiotic stewardship.