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Life sciences · Journal article
One Health Microbiology & Infection · September 5, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This mini-review synthesizes published surveillance data on zoonotic bacterial pathogens across South Asia from 2000–2026, documenting substantial but unevenly distributed burden, high antimicrobial resistance where measured, and existing but fragmented genomic sequencing capacity. The authors propose a staged roadmap for integrated, multi-sector genomic surveillance governance rather than report a new empirical finding, identifying the gap as one of integration and coordination rather than technology alone.
Mini-review and evidence synthesis with needs assessment and roadmap proposal. Livestock, poultry, humans, food, and environmental sources in South Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka) for zoonotic bacterial pathogens of regional public health priority.. Five South Asian countries: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
Brucellosis seroprevalence ranges from 2.0–18.75% in Pakistani livestock, 15% in Nepalese sheep, and 8.4% among Sri Lankan adults Human leptospirosis in Sri Lanka estimated at 300.6 per 100,000 population with 7.0% case fatality rate Bangladesh: 26 cutaneous anthrax outbreaks produced 1,210 suspected human cases between 2013 and 2016
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Clinicians and public health professionals in South Asia should recognize that zoonotic pathogen burden and resistance patterns are poorly characterized region-wide, and that surveillance integration across human, animal, food, and environmental sectors remains fragmented. The proposed roadmap provides a framework for priority-setting and institutional coordination to strengthen genomic surveillance governance.
A comprehensive evidence synthesis and expert roadmap on zoonotic pathogen surveillance needs in South Asia, proposing integrated governance and genomic surveillance priorities rather than reporting a primary empirical result.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians and public health professionals in South Asia should recognize that zoonotic pathogen burden and resistance patterns are poorly characterized region-wide, and that surveillance integration across human, animal, food, and environmental sectors remains fragmented. The proposed roadmap provides a framework for priority-setting and institutional coordination to strengthen genomic surveillance governance.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Zoonotic bacterial pathogens impose a substantial and unevenly documented burden on public health, animal health, and food safety. South Asia is home to roughly a quarter of the world's people, and one of the densest livestock populations on earth, yet the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and genomic diversity of its zoonotic bacteria remain poorly characterized. This mini-review synthesizes published evidence from 2000 to 2026 on six pathogen groups of regional priority: Brucella spp., Listeria spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Leptospira spp., Bacillus anthracis, and Salmonella spp., with Campylobacter spp. considered alongside Salmonella across Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Evidence is distributed unevenly across these five countries. Brucellosis seroprevalence ranges from 2.0–18.75% in Pakistani livestock, 15% in Nepalese sheep, and 8.4% among Sri Lankan adults. Human leptospirosis in Sri Lanka is estimated at 300.6 per 100,000 population, with a 7.0% case fatality rate. In Bangladesh, 26 cutaneous anthrax outbreaks produced 1,210 suspected human cases between 2013 and 2016. Resistance is severe where measured: 73.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a referral hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 97.1% of Campylobacter isolates from Bangladeshi chicken farms met MDR criteria. Sequencing capacity exists in the region and has been applied to typhoidal Salmonella in Bangladesh and Nepal, to Brucella melitensis and Listeria monocytogenes in India, to Leptospira in Sri Lanka, and to clinical Klebsiella collections. However, every such study is a discrete research output; no country operates whole-genome sequencing-based surveillance spanning the human, animal, food, and environmental sectors for the pathogens reviewed here. The gap is therefore one of integration and governance rather than of technology alone. A staged, costed roadmap is proposed, with priority actions, responsible institutions, and indicative timelines, drawing on models from other low- and middle-income regions where genomic surveillance has been established under comparable constraints.
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