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Life sciences · Journal article
Bulletin of Science and Practice · October 15, 2026
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Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupts intracellular redox homeostasis, leads to oxidative stress and DNA strand damage, representing one of the major triggering factors of carcinogenesis. The high systemic toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and the development of multidrug resistance in tumor cells have increased interest in the application of plant-derived antioxidants in cancer therapy. This review aims to comprehensively analyze, based on scientific literature published between 2020 and 2026, the molecular anticancer mechanisms of antioxidant phytocompounds, their role in the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, the modulation of signaling pathways, the targeting of oncomiRNAs, and their therapeutic application through green-synthesized nanocarrier systems. Plant-derived polyphenols (e.g., chlorogenic acid), diterpenes (e.g., carnosic acid), stilbenoids (e.g., oxyresveratrol), and enriched extracts activate the caspase-3/9 cascade in cancer cells, suppress the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and modulate Nrf2-mediated redox mechanisms. Green-synthesized silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) nanoparticles, as well as polymeric carrier systems, enhance the bioavailability of these compounds and demonstrate promising potential for improving the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy.