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Life sciences · Journal article
Meditsinskiy Sovet = Medical Council · September 11, 2026
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A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using the keywords children, oncology, oncohematology, cardiology, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, toxicity, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, prevention using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY.RU abstract databases from January 2010 to December 2025 (1570), and from January 2015 to December 2025 (1570). 675 full-text articles, 165 reviews, 7 guidelines, and 7 meta-analyses were identified. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational cohort studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, current clinical guidelines (consensuses), and case reports addressing key aspects of cardiotoxicity, its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods, treatment, and prevention in solid and hematological malignancies. Exclusion criteria included editorials and dissertation abstracts. The authors of this review acted as two independent reviewers screening titles and abstracts, and then, using their combined experience of over 40 years in oncology and hematology, analyzed the full texts of eligible studies. Disagreements were resolved through discussion; an independent reviewer was engaged when necessary. After excluding sources with similar content due to non-peer review and non-compliance with the inclusion criteria, 74 of the most informative and authoritative sources were reviewed, along with their own contributions. The review authors concluded that risk stratification in cancer patients before chemotherapy is crucial. Early detection of cardiotoxicity and management of risk factors for cardiovascular side effects contribute to the prevention or minimization of cardiotoxicity. Cardioprotective strategies include optimization of chemoand/or radiotherapy, corrective drug therapy, psychological support, dietary optimization, and physical activity.