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Life sciences · Journal article
Diagnosa Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Dan Keperawatan · August 14, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This cross-sectional survey of 43 elementary schoolgirls at a single Indonesian school found statistical associations between higher BMI z-score, certain dietary patterns, and lower physical activity with early menarche (<12 years), occurring in 44.2% of the sample. The design precludes causal inference and the findings require confirmation in larger, prospective cohorts before informing clinical or public health guidance.
Quantitative cross-sectional study. Female students in grades IV–VI at SDN Pemaron 1, Brebes Regency, Indonesia. Menarche status (early defined as <12 years vs. on-time) was the primary outcome; no exclusion criteria or comorbidities specified.. n = 43. SDN Pemaron 1, Brebes Regency, Indonesia.
Early menarche occurred in 44.2% of respondents (defined as <12 years) Nutritional status (BMI/A z-score) showed significant correlation with early menarche (p=0.029) Dietary patterns showed significant correlation with early menarche (p=0.037)
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The associations identified are statistically significant but from a small, single-centre, cross-sectional design that cannot prove causation. Clinicians should view these findings as hypothesis-generating rather than actionable; larger prospective or interventional studies are needed to establish whether modifying nutritional status, diet, or activity levels would delay menarche or alter health outcomes.
Small single-centre cross-sectional study with modest sample size and surrogate/observational outcomes; demonstrates associations but lacks causal design and generalizability needed to guide practice.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
The associations identified are statistically significant but from a small, single-centre, cross-sectional design that cannot prove causation. Clinicians should view these findings as hypothesis-generating rather than actionable; larger prospective or interventional studies are needed to establish whether modifying nutritional status, diet, or activity levels would delay menarche or alter health outcomes.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Early Menarche is a public health concern associated with long-term health risks, including obesity, metabolic disorders, and increased risk of breast cancer in adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between nutritional status, dietary patterns, and physical activity with the occurrence of early Menarche among elementary school female adolescents in the era of nutritional transition. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at SDN Pemaron 1, Brebes Regency, involving 43 female students in grades IV–VI selected through total sampling. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index-for-Age (BMI/A) z-score, dietary patterns were measured using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with a scoring system, and physical activity was evaluated using a structured questionnaire based on Physical Activity Ratio (PAR). Data analysis used the Chi-Square test at a significance level of p<0.05. Results showed that 44.2% of respondents had experienced early Menarche (<12 years). There were significant correlations between nutritional status (p=0.029), dietary patterns (p=0.037), and physical activity (p=0.042) with early Menarche. These findings suggest that nutritional status, dietary patterns, and physical activity are important determinants of early Menarche onset among elementary school girls in the context of nutritional transition.
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