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Life sciences · Journal article
Alqalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences · October 15, 2026
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Radiotherapy selection in breast cancer depends on multiple clinical and dosimetric factors, as it influences organs at risk and determines both early and late toxicities that may affect long-term outcomes. This study compared intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with respect to dosimetric parameters, toxicity profiles, and superficial changes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 patients, with 10 treated using IMRT and 10 using 3D-CRT. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; Welch’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were applied due to the small sample size, while chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for categorical variables. Results demonstrated that IMRT significantly reduced ipsilateral lung doses (p = 0.0023) and improved planning target volume homogeneity (p < 0.0001) compared with 3D-CRT. Delayed toxicity occurred in 20% of IMRT patients versus 80% of 3D-CRT patients (p = 0.0102). However, IMRT was associated with higher mean cardiac doses (p = 0.0254). These findings highlight the trade-offs between IMRT and 3D-CRT, emphasizing the importance of individualized radiotherapy planning in breast cancer treatment.