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Life sciences · Journal article
Lipids in Health and Disease · October 1, 2026
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Lipid metabolism is increasingly recognized as a central regulator of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME), affecting disease progression, immune escape, metastatic spread, and treatment response. This review synthesizes evidence on lipid uptake, storage, synthesis, and oxidation across monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells in breast tumors. Particular attention is given to the adipocyte-rich mammary niche and to the ways obesity and molecular subtype modify lipid-immune interactions. Preclinical studies and limited early clinical evidence suggest that selectively modulating pathways such as CD36-dependent lipid uptake or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) may improve responses to immunotherapy. At the same time, broad metabolic inhibition risks disrupting protective immune functions and normal tissue physiology. By connecting cell-specific mechanisms with translational considerations, this review identifies candidate biomarkers, safety constraints, and priorities for biomarker-guided evaluation of lipid-directed strategies in breast cancer.