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Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies / Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments / Genetic Factors in Colorectal Cancer · Journal article
South Russian Journal of Cancer · September 6, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This retrospective single-centre cohort of 200 Russian patients with stage III–IV colon cancer reports associations between biomarker status (KRAS, BRAF, MSI) and overall survival, and an apparent survival advantage for combined EGFR/VEGF inhibition versus VEGF inhibitor monotherapy in stage IV disease. The short median follow-up (1.4 years) and lack of randomization or adjustment for confounding limit the strength of inference; the treatment comparison in particular is observational and hypothesis-generating.
Retrospective cohort study. Patients with stage III–IV colon cancer who underwent treatment and follow-up at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology between 2019 and 2024; residing in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation.. Intervention: Various antitumor treatment strategies, including combined EGFR/VEGF inhibition or VEGF inhibitor monotherapy in stage IV patients. Compared with: Patients receiving VEGF inhibitor monotherapy (compared to combined EGFR/VEGF inhibition); wild-type versus mutant status for KRAS and BRAF; MSI versus MSS phenotype; stage III versus stage IV disease. n = 200. National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Southern Federal District, Russian Federation.
5-year OS rate 31 % overall; 46 % in stage III disease versus 18 % in stage IV disease (p = 0.00005) 3-year OS 53 % wild-type KRAS versus 28 % KRAS mutant; 42.5 % wild-type BRAF versus 18 % BRAF mutant MSI tumors: 3-year OS 67 % versus 42.5 % in MSS tumors
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The biomarker associations (KRAS, BRAF, MSI) are consistent with established prognostic factors and may support molecular testing in practice. The apparent benefit of combined EGFR/VEGF inhibition in stage IV disease is interesting but observational; clinicians should not adopt this as evidence of superiority without randomized evidence, and should note the short follow-up and lack of adjustment for confounders.
Retrospective single-centre cohort with modest follow-up (1.4 years median) and no randomization; observational associations with biomarkers and treatment types are hypothesis-generating rather than definitive.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
The biomarker associations (KRAS, BRAF, MSI) are consistent with established prognostic factors and may support molecular testing in practice. The apparent benefit of combined EGFR/VEGF inhibition in stage IV disease is interesting but observational; clinicians should not adopt this as evidence of superiority without randomized evidence, and should note the short follow-up and lack of adjustment for confounders.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Purpose of the study. To evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with stage III–IV colon cancer residing in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Patients and method s. A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of 200 patients with stage III–IV colon cancer who underwent treatment and follow-up at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology between 2019 and 2024. Overall survival (OS) was assessed, as well as its association with sex, disease stage, primary tumor location, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation status, tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and antitumor treatment strategy. Results. The median follow-up from the time of presentation to the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology was 1.4 years. The 5‑year OS rate was 31 %, with a median overall survival of 3.4 years. The 5‑year OS rate was significantly associated with disease stage, reaching 46 % in patients with stage III disease and 18 % in those with stage IV disease (p = 0.00005). The presence of KRAS mutations (3‑year OS: 53 % in the wild-type group vs. 28 % in the mutant group), BRAF mutations (42.5 % vs. 18 %, respectively), and MSI status (67 % for MSI tumors vs. 42.5 % for microsatellite-stable [MSS] tumors) significantly influenced survival outcomes. Among patients with stage IV disease, survival was also associated with the type of targeted therapy administered. Improved survival was observed in patients receiving combined inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) compared with VEGF inhibitor-based therapy alone. The 3‑year OS rate was 66 % (median OS, 4.1 years) in the combined EGFR/VEGF inhibition group versus 31 % (median OS, 2.1 years) in the VEGF inhibitor group. Conclusion. Nearly half of all colon cancer cases (47.6 %) were diagnosed at advanced stages, which are associated with an unfavorable prognosis, particularly in tumors harboring pathogenic mutations and exhibiting a microsatellite-stable phenotype. These findings underscore the importance of genetically and epigenetically guided therapeutic approaches aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets and developing more effective treatment strategies.
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