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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Applied and Natural Science · September 20, 2026
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The Indian Sundarbans, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, supports rich biodiversity and serves as a vital source of livelihood. However, growing anthropogenic pressures have contributed to the contamination of aquatic water bodies and also to the emergence of multidrug‑resistant (MDR) enteropathogenic bacteria in this fragile ecosystem. The present review article aimed to assess the prevalence and spatial distribution of Multidrug resistance (MDR) enteropathogenic bacteria in aquatic environments of the Sundarbans, with an emphasis on their potential impacts on aquatic animals and public health. Bacterial Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contributed to 4.95 million fatalities worldwide and was directly responsible for 1.27 million deaths. The median reported rates of 42% for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and 35% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 76 countries are concerning, and one out of five E. coli urinary tract infection (UTI) infections in 2020 had reduced resistance to popular antibiotics such as ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and fluoroquinolones. As a result of antibiotics' declining effectiveness, infectious diseases are spreading, common infections are getting harder to cure, treatments are becoming more costly, and the economy is being burdened. The findings highlight the urgent need for regular control of agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge during monsoons, as well as monitoring and surveillance of MDR bacteria in Sundarbans aquatic habitats to safeguard aquatic animal health and reduce risks to human populations dependent on these resources. The review provides baseline data on the abundance, AMR, AMR genes, and pathogenic potential of enteropathogenic bacteria in Sundarbans aquatic environments. This will probably strengthen environmental and public health surveillance under the One Health concept.