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Extracellular Vesicles in Disease / RNA Interference and Gene Delivery · Journal article
Cancers · August 21, 2026
Raises a question worth testing. It does not answer one.
This is a narrative review summarizing the biological roles of microRNAs in breast cancer pathogenesis and current technologies for miRNA modulation, including gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, delivery systems, and future perspectives toward network-level regulation in precision oncology. The article does not report primary clinical outcomes or efficacy data, but rather provides a framework for understanding miRNA biology and experimental tools for therapeutic exploration.
Journal article. Breast cancer, described as highly heterogeneous malignancy; women worldwide affected by disease.
microRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, modulating expression of target RNAs to control cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, EMT, invasion, and metastasis Gain-of-function strategies include miRNA mimics, expression vectors, and CRISPRa; loss-of-function approaches include AMOs, miRNA sponges, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout, and CRISPRi Delivery systems evaluated include viral vectors, organic nanoparticles, and inorganic nanocarriers to improve target specificity and clinical translation
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
This review provides clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive overview of miRNA biology in breast cancer and experimental tools available for therapeutic development, but does not provide direct evidence to guide current clinical practice. The emphasis on precision oncology integration suggests future potential for miRNA-based therapies, pending validation in clinical trials.
This is a comprehensive review article synthesizing biological mechanisms and experimental technologies for miRNA modulation in breast cancer, without reporting primary clinical trial data or definitive therapeutic outcomes.
This review provides clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive overview of miRNA biology in breast cancer and experimental tools available for therapeutic development, but does not provide direct evidence to guide current clinical practice. The emphasis on precision oncology integration suggests future potential for miRNA-based therapies, pending validation in clinical trials.
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Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous malignancy that remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Despite significant advances in breast cancer research and therapy, disease heterogeneity, treatment resistance, and metastatic progression remain major obstacles to effective disease management. Among the molecular regulators involved in breast cancer, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, functioning as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. By modulating the expression of target RNAs, miRNAs control key biological processes involved in tumor initiation and progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. To investigate miRNA function and explore their therapeutic potential, a wide range of approaches have been developed to modulate miRNA expression. These include gain-of-function strategies, like miRNA mimics, miRNA expression vectors, and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), as well as loss-of-function approaches, including anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), miRNA sponges, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological roles of miRNAs in breast cancer and discusses current technologies for miRNA modulation, their molecular mechanisms, experimental and therapeutic applications, and associated limitations. In addition, it summarizes recent advances in miRNA delivery systems, including viral vectors, organic nanoparticles, and inorganic nanocarriers, highlighting their potential to improve delivery efficiency, target specificity, and facilitate clinical translation. Finally, the review discusses future perspectives, emphasizing the transition from single-target interventions toward network-level regulation and the integration of miRNA-based strategies into precision oncology to support the development of more effective breast cancer therapies.
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