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Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications · Journal article
Pharmaceuticals · August 18, 2026
Raises a question worth testing. It does not answer one.
This is a narrative review describing biological synthesis of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles and their putative antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer properties based on reported preclinical studies. The source presents proposed mechanisms of action but does not report original clinical or preclinical trial data, efficacy estimates, or comparative analyses.
Journal article.
Biologically synthesized Cu/CuO-NPs are proposed to exhibit antimicrobial and anticancer activities through reactive oxygen species generation, membrane disruption, and inhibition of DNA replication and protein production Biological synthesis using plants, bacteria, fungi, and yeast is described as non-toxic, eco-friendly, and cost-effective compared to traditional chemical methods
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
This is a narrative review summarizing biological synthesis methods and proposed mechanisms of Cu/CuO nanoparticles, without presenting original experimental data, clinical trials, or meta-analysis of efficacy.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
What is missing. This record has no reported figures. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
The biosynthesis of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu/CuO-NPs) has attracted considerable interest due to its non-toxic, eco-friendly nature and wide-ranging applications, especially in nanomedicine and biomedical fields. Traditional nanoparticle production methods often involve toxic chemicals and generate harmful byproducts. In contrast, biological synthesis provides a cleaner, safer, more cost-effective, and sustainable alternative. Various biological sources, including plants, bacteria, fungi, and yeast, have been employed for the efficient and non-toxic production of Cu/CuO-NPs. These organisms contain diverse biomolecules such as enzymes, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids, and alkaloids that function as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle formation. The biologically synthesized Cu/CuO-NPs are characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, XPS, FTIR, DLS, zeta potential analyzer, etc. Cu/CuO-NPs hold promise for applications in nanomedicine, primarily because of their strong antimicrobial and anticancer activities and potential use as disinfectants against infectious diseases. Various reports have suggested that the biologically synthesized Cu/CuO-NPs have exhibited significant antimicrobial and anticancer efficacies against pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses and various cancer cells. Due to their nanoscale dimensions and extensive surface area, Cu/CuO nanoparticles can readily infiltrate cell walls, disrupt membrane integrity, generate reactive oxygen species, and hinder both DNA replication and protein production, leading to cell death. The present review comprehensively describes the biological synthesis of Cu/CuO-NPs, their characterization techniques, and potential antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer applications. The modes of action for antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer properties have also been explored critically.
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