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Life sciences · Journal article
European Journal of Parenteral & Pharmaceutical Sciences · September 23, 2026
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The stratum corneum represents the principal barrier limiting dermal and transdermal delivery of several therapeutic agents, particularly hydrophilic drugs and macromolecules, resulting in poor skin penetration and reduced clinical efficacy. Transferosomes, a class of ultra-deformable lipid vesicles composed of phospholipids and edge activators, have emerged as an advanced nanocarrier system capable of overcoming this limitation. Owing to their high elasticity and stress-responsive membrane properties, transferosomes can reversibly deform and penetrate through intercellular lipid channels and narrow pores of the stratum corneum, primarily driven by trans-epidermal hydration gradients under non-occlusive conditions. This review summarizes the structural features, penetration mechanism, preparation methods, formulation requirements, and characterization parameters of transferosomes, with emphasis on thin-film hydration as a widely preferred technique for reproducible vesicle formation and high entrapment efficiency. In addition, recent formulation strategies including Quality by Design (QbD) approaches are highlighted for optimizing lipid-to-edge activator ratios to achieve stable and efficient systems. Therapeutic applications of transferosomes are discussed across diverse dermatological conditions including inflammatory disorders, fungal and bacterial infections, pain management, and skin cancers such as melanoma. Overall, transferosomal systems represent a promising platform for targeted skin therapy and improved patient-compliant treatment. Keywords: Transferosomes, transdermal delivery, ultra-deformable vesicles, skin disorders, edge activators.