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Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases / Streptococcal Infections and Treatments · Journal article
Frontiers in Public Health · August 28, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a single-centre descriptive epidemiological survey documenting the serotype distribution, sequence types, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and virulence genes of 39 human S. suis isolates from Guangxi, China (2015–2021). The data reveal high regional prevalence of serotype 2 and ST1 with widespread tetracycline and macrolide resistance, but the study provides surveillance intelligence rather than evidence to guide clinical management or predict outcomes.
Descriptive epidemiological study with genomic and antimicrobial characterisation. 41 clinical isolates initially identified as S. suis from human infections in Baise City, Guangxi, China; 39 confirmed as S. suis on genomic analysis; 2 reclassified as Streptococcus parasuis. Most infections occurred in middle-aged and elderly men; cerebrospinal fluid was the predominant specimen…. n = 39. Baise City, Guangxi, China.
39 of 41 initially identified isolates confirmed as S. suis; 2 reclassified as Streptococcus parasuis by genomic analysis High resistance rates to tetracycline (92.7%), erythromycin (62.5%), and clindamycin (62.5%); all isolates susceptible to β-lactams, vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin, and meropenem Serotype 2 predominant (68.29%), followed by serotype 1 (26.83%)
No clinical outcome data reported (mortality, morbidity, treatment response); isolate characteristics do not predict clinical course.
Clinicians and public health authorities in Guangxi should be aware of high prevalence of tetracycline and macrolide resistance in regional S. suis isolates and the dominance of serotype 2 and ST1, which may inform empirical therapy and surveillance strategies. However, this descriptive study does not evaluate treatment efficacy or clinical outcomes and should be complemented by regional clinical data and susceptibility patterns at the point of care.
A regional descriptive epidemiological and genomic characterization of 39 confirmed S. suis isolates with no control group, clinical trial, or intervention, providing surveillance data that informs but does not change clinical practice directly.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians and public health authorities in Guangxi should be aware of high prevalence of tetracycline and macrolide resistance in regional S. suis isolates and the dominance of serotype 2 and ST1, which may inform empirical therapy and surveillance strategies. However, this descriptive study does not evaluate treatment efficacy or clinical outcomes and should be complemented by regional clinical data and susceptibility patterns at the point of care.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Abstract Background Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that poses a substantial threat to both public health and the swine industry. Multiple human infection cases have been reported in China, including large-scale outbreaks associated with highly virulent strains. However, molecular epidemiological data from Guangxi province remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular epidemiological characteristics of human-derived S. suis isolates collected in Guangxi, China. Methods A total of 41 clinical isolates initially identified as S. suis were collected from human infections in Baise City, Guangxi, between 2015 and 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100 guidelines (2023 edtion). Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to determine serotypes, multilocus sequence types (MLST), antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence-associated genes using bioinformatic analyses based on the VFDB and ResFinder databases. Phylogenetic relationships among the isolates were inferred from MLST data. Results Among the 41 isolates, 39 were confirmed as S. suis, whereas two isolates were reclassified as Streptococcus parasuis by genomic analysis. Most infections occurred in middle-aged and elderly men, and cerebrospinal fluid was the predominant specimen source. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high resistance rates to tetracycline (92.7%), erythromycin (62.5%), and clindamycin (62.5%), while all isolates remained susceptible to β-lactams, vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin, and meropenem. Serotype analysis revealed that serotype 2 (68.29%) was the predominant serotype, followed by serotype 1 (26.83%). MLST analysis identified ST1 (70.73%) as the dominant sequence type, whereas ST7 represented the second most common lineage. Genomic analysis detected multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, most frequently ant (6)-Ia, erm(B), tet (M), and tet (O). Notably, the tet (40) gene was detected exclusively in ST7 isolates. Most isolates carried multiple virulence-associated genes, whereas the two S. parasuis isolates harbored substantially fewer virulence determinants. Conclusions Serotype 2 and ST1 are predominant among human-derived S. suis isolates in Baise City, Guangxi. The isolates exhibit widespread multidrug resistance and frequently carry genes associated with tetracycline and macrolide resistance. These findings underscore the importance of continued regional surveillance of the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic S. suis to support early warning and prevention of future outbreaks.
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